_(Approval of the Technical Solution indicates an understanding of the purpose and content described in this deliverable. By signing this deliverable, each individual agrees on proposed subsystems roles and business logic it is responsible for; Test Planning and Detailed design work should be initiated on this project and necessary resources should be committed as described in the Charter document.)_
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**Document Revision History**
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| Version | Date | Change Information | Author | Approver |
The Technical Solution process area is applicable at any **level of the product architecture** and to every **product, product component, and product-related lifecycle process**. Throughout the process areas, where we use the **terms product** and **product component**, their intended meanings also encompass services and their components.
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**The process area focuses on the following:**
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- Evaluating and selecting solutions (sometimes referred to as “design approaches,” “design concepts,” or “preliminary designs”) that potentially satisfy an appropriate set of allocated requirements
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- Developing detailed designs for the selected solutions (detailed in the context of containing all the information needed to manufacture, code, or otherwise implement the design as a product or product component)
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- Implementing the designs as a product or product component
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Typically, these activities interactively support each other. Some level of design, at times fairly detailed, may be needed to select solutions. **Prototypes or pilots** may be used as a means of gaining sufficient knowledge to develop a technical data package or a complete set of requirements.
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Technical Solution specific practices apply not only to the product and product components but also to **product-related lifecycle processes**. The product-related lifecycle processes are developed in concert with the product or product component. Such development may include selecting and adapting existing processes (including standard processes) for use as well as developing new processes.
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Processes associated with the Technical Solution process area receive the product and product component requirements from the requirements management processes. The requirements management processes place the requirements, which originate in requirements development processes, under appropriate configuration management and maintain their traceability to previous requirements.
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For a **maintenance or sustainment project**, the requirements in need of maintenance actions or redesign may be driven by user needs or latent defects in the product components. **New requirements** may arise from changes in the operating environment. Such requirements can be uncovered during verification of the product(s), where actual performance can be compared against the specified performance and unacceptable degradation can be identified. Processes associated with the Technical Solution process area should be used to perform the maintenance or sustainment design efforts.
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### **2. Purpose and Goals**
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The purpose of Technical Solution (TS) is to **design, develop, and implement solutions to requirements**. Solutions, designs, and implementations encompass products, product components, and product-related lifecycle processes either singly or in combination as appropriate.
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### **3.Scope**
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Generally scopes in the IT project,
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- Company
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- Project
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- Product
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### **4. Policies**
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For the technical solution first need to have a **clear set of requirements**,
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- Functional requirements
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- Technical requirements
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- Problem Statements
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- Budget
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- Constraints
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**The project manager should have, **
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- **Solution standards**: Standards that specify the types of products that can be used (according to manufacturer, version, platform or other defining characteristics), as well as the process by which these standardized products are acquired.
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- **Configuration Standards**: Standards that specify the way selected devices, software, and apps are installed and configured.
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- **Utilization Standards**: Standards that specify the applicability of a given technology product (or set of products) to a demonstrated, stated business need, forming the basis of technology planning, procurement, and product selection recommendations
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### **5.Technical Solution**
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**1. Select the Product Component Solution**
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- **Product or product component solutions** are selected from alternative solutions. Alternative solutions and their relative merits are considered in advance of selecting a solution. **Key requirements**, **design issues**, and **constraints** are established for use in alternative solution analysis. Architectural features that provide a **foundation for product improvement** and evolution are considered.
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- The use of **commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)** product components is considered **relative to cost, schedule, performance, and risk**. COTS alternatives may be used with or without modification. Sometimes, such items may require modifications to aspects such as interfaces or a customization of some of the features to better achieve product requirements.
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- One indicator of a good design process is that the design was chosen after comparing and evaluating it against alternative solutions. Decisions on architecture, custom development versus off-the-shelf, and product component modularization are typical of the design choices that are addressed. Some of these decisions may require the use of a formal evaluation process.
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- Refer to the **Decision Analysis and Resolution process area** for more information about the use of a formal evaluation process.
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- Sometimes the search for solutions examines alternative instances of the same requirements with no allocations needed for lower-level product components. Such is the case at the bottom of the product architecture. There are also cases where one or more of the solutions are fixed (e.g., a specific solution is directed or available product components, such as COTS, are investigated for use).
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- In the general case, solutions are defined as a set. That is, when defining the **next layer of product components**, the solution for each of the product components in the set is established. The alternative solutions are not only different ways of addressing the same requirements, but they also reflect a different allocation of requirements among the product components comprising the solution set. The objective is to optimize the set as a whole and not the individual pieces. There will be significant interaction with processes associated with the Requirements Development process area to support the provisional allocations to product components until a solution set is selected and final allocations are established.
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- **Product-related lifecycle processes** are among the product component solutions that are selected from alternative solutions. Examples of these product-related lifecycle processes are the **manufacturing, delivery, and support processes.**
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**Develop Alternative Solutions and Selection Criteria**
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- Refer to the **Requirements Development process area** for more information about **obtaining allocations of requirements to solution alternatives** for the product components.
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- Refer to the **Decision Analysis and Resolution process area** for more information about **establishing criteria used in making decisions**.
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- Alternative solutions span the **acceptable range of cost, schedule, and performance**. The product component requirements are received and used along with **design issues, constraints, and criteria to develop alternative solutions**.
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- Selection criteria would typically address **costs** (e.g., time, people, and money), **benefits** (e.g., performance, capability, and effectiveness), and **risks** (e.g., technical, cost, and schedule).
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- **Considerations for alternative solutions and selection criteria include the following:**
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- Cost of development, manufacturing, procurement, maintenance, and support, etc.
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- Performance
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- The complexity of the product component and product-related lifecycle processes
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- Robustness to product operating and use conditions, operating modes, environments, and variations in product-related lifecycle processes
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- Product expansion and growth
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- Technology limitations
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- Sensitivity to construction methods and materials
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- Risk
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- Evolution of requirements and technology
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- Disposal
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- Capabilities and limitations of end-users and operators
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- Characteristics of COTS products
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**2. Develop the Design**
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- Product or product component designs must provide the appropriate content not only for **implementation**, but also for other phases of the product life cycle such as **modification**, **re-procurement**, **maintenance**, **sustainment**, and **installation**.
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- The design documentation provides a reference to support mutual understanding of the design by relevant stakeholders and supports future changes to the design both during development and in subsequent phases of the product life cycle.
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- A complete design description is documented in a technical data package that includes a full range of features and parameters including form, fit, function, interface, manufacturing process characteristics, and other parameters.
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- Established organizational or project design standards (e.g., checklists, templates, and object frameworks) form the basis for achieving a high degree of definition and completeness in design documentation.
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**3. Implement the design**
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- Once the **design** has been **completed**, it is implemented as a product component. The characteristics of that implementation depend on the type of product component.
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- Design implementation at the top level of the product hierarchy involves the specification of each of the product components at the next level of the product hierarchy. This activity includes the allocation, refinement, and verification of each product component. It also involves coordination between the various product component development efforts.
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- Refer to the **Requirements Development process area** for more information about the allocation and refinement of requirements.
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- Refer to the **Product Integration process area** for more information about the management of interfaces and the integration of products and product components.
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- E**xample characteristics of this implementation are as follows:**
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- The software is coded.
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- Data is documented.
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- Services are documented.
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- Electrical and mechanical parts are fabricated.
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- Product-unique manufacturing processes are put into operation.
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- Processes are documented.
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- Facilities are constructed.
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- **Use Software coding methods in the implementation like,**
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- Structured programming
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- Object-oriented programming
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- Automatic code generation
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- Software code reuse
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- Use of applicable design patterns
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- Code Optimization
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- Develop product support documentation like **manuals, API, guidelines depending on project needs.**
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### **6. Work Product**
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A work product may begin as an analysis made during the development of a project, creating a type of proposal for the project that a company cannot deliver until the project has received approval. Companies use work products to provide information to current stakeholders and potential investors. Types of information available in a work product might include prototypes, presentations, recorded discussions, diagrams and status reports. The organization can also use the work product as a source of information while the project progresses.
| Solution Architect | • Conduct architectural system evaluation <br> • Analyze technology environment <br> • Define collaboration framework <br> • Analyze technical and business requirements <br> • Define procedures and processes to ensure solution delivery <br> • Create solution prototype <br> • Participate in technology selection <br> • Ensure compliance with strategic guidelines and architecture <br> • Control solution development <br> • Collaborate with project management and IT development teams |
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| Team Lead | • Prepare design documents <br> • Review unit test cases <br> • Provide technical solutions |
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| Developer | • Understand requirements and technical designs <br> • Perform unit testing <br> • Carry out development activities |
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| QA (Quality Analyst) | • Responsible for test planning <br> • Perform API testing |
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| PQA | • Conduct audits <br> • Verify project evidence and process alignment |
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### **9. Process Flow and Description**
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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%% Initial Phase
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A[Finalize SRS & Technology Infrastructure Planning by Project Manager]
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A --> C[Create HLD, DB Design, API Guidelines]
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C --> D[Developer Creates Unit Test Cases]
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D --> E[UT Review by PM / Team Lead]
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E --> F[Development Starts]
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%% Review Phase
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F --> G[Ongoing Project Review by Team Lead]
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G --> H[Task Review]
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G --> I[Code Review]
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G --> J[Design Document Review]
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%% Release Phase
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F --> K[Developer Executes Unit Test Cases]
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K --> L[QA Testing as per Test Plan]
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L --> M[Release Alignment Check by Team Lead]
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M --> N[Milestone Review by Manager]
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N --> O[BA Delivers Module]
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```
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- **Initial Phase**
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- Once SRS and Technology being used are final, the project manager will create infrastructure planning
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- Then Project manager or team will create HLD, Database design, API guideline
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- Based on SRS and design documents, the developer will create unit test cases
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- A project manager or a team lead will review test cases
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- Once UT review is done, the developer can start the development
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- **Review Phase**
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- The team lead will keep review of the project and give solutions whenever it’s required
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- A review will include task review, code reviews, designs documents review
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- **Release Phase**
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- The developer will implement unit test cases before giving for the QA testing
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- QA will test the product as per the test plan
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- The team lead will make sure release is aligned with the design
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- The manager will do the milestone review and inform BA to deliver the module.
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### **10. Skills Required**
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| Role | Required Skills |
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|------|-----------------|
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| Solution Architect | • Computer and Operating Systems Knowledge <br> • Infrastructure and Engineering Design <br> • DevOps <br> • System Security Measures <br> • Business Analysis <br> • Database Management <br> • Cloud Development <br> • Web Platforms <br> • Hardware and Software Management <br> • Network Administration <br> • Project and Product Management |
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| Team Lead | • Computer and Operating Systems Knowledge <br> • Infrastructure and Engineering Design <br> • DevOps <br> • System Security Measures <br> • Database Management <br> • Cloud Development <br> • Web Platforms <br> • Hardware and Software Management <br> • Network Administration <br> • Team Management |