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Android Coding Standards

1. Objective

To ensure all Android applications developed at Enovate follow a consistent, high-quality, and maintainable coding approach that aligns with organizational and industry best practices.

2. Scope

Applies to all Android development projects using Kotlin or Java, developed in Android Studio, and maintained under Enovate’s repositories.

3. Architecture & Project Structure

  • Adopt MVVM or Clean Architecture.

Maintain a consistent project folder structure:

 app/
├── data/
│   ├── models/
│   ├── network/
│   ├── repository/
├── ui/
│   ├── activities/
│   ├── fragments/
│   ├── adapters/
│   ├── composables/
│   ├── viewmodels/
├── utils/
├── di/
├── resources/
  • Separate business logic from UI logic.
  • Avoid placing all logic inside Activities/Fragments/Composables.

4. Naming Conventions

Element Convention Example
Class names PascalCase UserProfileActivity
Variable names camelCase userName, isActive
Constants UPPER_SNAKE_CASE MAX_RETRY_COUNT
XML IDs lowercase_with_underscores btn_submit, tv_username
Packages lowercase com.enovate.appname.ui

5. Code Formatting & Style

  • Indentation: 4 spaces
  • Maximum line length: 120 characters
  • Avoid unused imports, variables, or commented code.
  • Add KDoc/Javadoc for all public classes, methods, and complex logic.
  • Use val instead of var wherever possible for immutability.
  • Follow Kotlin official style guide: https://developer.android.com/kotlin/style-guide

6. UI/UX & Resource Management

  • Use Jetpack Compose for new apps
  • Use ConstraintLayout for flexible designs (if opting for XML).
  • Define colors, strings, and dimensions in XML resources (no hardcoding).
  • Use themes and styles consistently.
  • Follow accessibility guidelines (content descriptions, contrast).

7. Networking & Data Handling

  • Use Retrofit + OkHttp for REST APIs.
  • Use Room / DataStore for local storage.
  • Handle API responses using sealed classes or Result wrappers.
  • Centralize API endpoints and keys (e.g., in Constants.kt).
  • Avoid network calls on the main thread.

8. Error Handling & Logging

  • Use try-catch only where needed.

Log using Timber:

Timber.d("Loading user profile...")
Timber.e(exception, "Error loading user profile")
  • Disable logs in production builds.

9. Security & Performance

  • Don’t store sensitive data in plain text or shared preferences.
  • Use ProGuard/R8 for code obfuscation.
  • Optimize image and JSON parsing.
  • Avoid memory leaks (use ViewBinding, avoid static context references).

10. Testing

  • Write Unit Tests for ViewModels and business logic.
  • Write UI Tests using Espresso.
  • Maintain at least 70% coverage for core modules.
  • Use MockK or Mockito for mocking.

11. Automation & CI/CD Integration

  • Integrate static analysis tools:
    • ktlint – Formatting and style.
    • Detekt – Code smell detection.
    • Android Lint – XML and resource validation.
  • CI/CD should fail the build if violations are detected.

12. References

  • Jetpack Compose
  • Android Developers Style Guide
  • Google Java Style Guide
  • Clean Architecture for Android